Capital Markets & Research AI
P

Primer

Primer is an AI analyst for equity investors, built by former analysts to take on the research work behind a buy side investment view. It runs in the browser with research sources already included, from filings, transcripts and consensus estimates to market and alternative data, so a team does not have to wire up each source itself. It reads the source material, pulls out the drivers, builds the financial model, writes the research and can monitor a coverage list on a schedule, flagging what changed without waiting to be asked. Rather than working cell by cell inside Excel, it builds models on its own modeling infrastructure and converts the finished model into Excel, and it learns each team's coverage, preferences and standards over time.

The company is Kernel AI Ltd, trading as Primer and registered in London. Its team includes founder and portfolio manager Seb Jory, cofounder Ruggero Gargiulo, a former analyst and quant, head of applied AI Alistair Smallwood, and chief technology officer Chris Mingard. Primer publishes its evaluations and names the model underneath, GPT-5.5, which it says scores 44.3 percent on the BigFinanceBench leaderboard on its own and 79.1 percent inside Primer on the benchmark's public questions. It also reports a backtest of its earnings previews in which trading on its strongest calls produced 34 percent alpha against the S&P 500 over 203 trading days.

Last VerifiedOctober 7, 2026
Compare Primer with other vendors
Founded
—
Headquarters
London, United Kingdom
Categories
capital-markets-ai
Assessment

Capability Axes

Capability grades

15 of 15 axes rated · 7 graded A or B

AI Capability
AI Centrality
AA on AI CentralityThe artificial intelligence is the product. Remove the models and there is nothing left to sell.
Vendor Published

Research, modeling, monitoring and writing all run through the agent, and the company's own engineering is the harness around a third party model: what it reads, which tools it can use and what it has been taught about finance. Remove the inference and no product is left. The vendor's own figures make the point, since the same base model scores far lower outside the harness than inside it.

Autonomy and Oversight Model
CC on Autonomy and Oversight ModelAutonomy is claimed and oversight is asserted without a mechanism, or full automation is presented as the entire disclosure. Human in the loop appears as a phrase rather than a described control.
Vendor Published

The agent is designed to run on its own: recurring research tasks monitor a coverage list, update work and flag what matters without a prompt. The privacy policy states that outputs are meant to support human research and that the service is not designed to make decisions about people without human review. Beyond that, no approval step, confidence threshold, log of agent actions or limit on what scheduled tasks may do is published, and that matters most when research runs unattended.

Model Risk Management and Transparency
BB on Model Risk Management and TransparencyReal transparency mechanisms are published, such as per alert explainability, confidence scoring or split testing, without the validation package or supervisory mapping behind them.
Vendor Published

The evaluations state their own limits. The vendor names the model underneath and reports its score on the BigFinanceBench leaderboard alone, 44.3 percent, against 79.1 percent inside the harness, which isolates what the product itself adds.

It also discloses that its own score comes from the benchmark's public questions after excluding seven it judged to have wrong reference answers, while the leaderboard covers all 928, and that its rerun of the Wall Street Prep modeling test was scored by AI judges rather than by Wall Street Prep. Those caveats make the comparisons less clean, but they are stated openly. No ongoing accuracy monitoring or validation support for customers is published.

Operational and Outcome Evidence
CC on Operational and Outcome EvidenceUnnamed case studies, customer logos, or claims without numbers. Prestige is not measurement: the caliber of the client list describes the buyer rather than the product, and coverage statistics are not adoption statistics.
Vendor Published

No customer is named. Testimonials are attributed to unnamed analysts at hedge funds. The headline result is a backtest run and reported by the vendor: trading on the strongest earnings preview calls produced 34 percent alpha against the S&P 500 and a Sharpe ratio of 1.42, across 2,727 calls over 203 trading days at a 53.6 percent hit rate. It is specific and could be checked in principle, but it is a simulation, not a client outcome.

AI Safety and Data Stewardship
BB on AI Safety and Data StewardshipA categorical stewardship commitment is published without the retention schedule or the engineering detail behind it.
Vendor Published

Customer files, prompts and outputs are not used to train third party foundation models, and agreements with model providers bar them from training on customer content. The homepage goes further and says customer data is never used to train models, but the privacy policy is narrower: it reserves the right to use service content, usage data and feedback to evaluate and improve Primer itself, including through human review for quality, support and safety. The boundary with outside model providers is firm, while the vendor's own improvement work can draw on customer material.

Regulatory and Compliance
GLBA and Data Privacy Posture
BB on GLBA and Data Privacy PostureA substantive privacy document that reaches the product itself, short of the subprocessor list or the full data handling detail.
Vendor Published

A full privacy policy sets out what is collected, the legal bases, who receives it, international transfers and data subject rights. For business customers the roles are clear: the customer is the controller for content it submits, and that processing runs under a data processing agreement. Retention is described by purpose rather than by fixed periods. Nothing addresses the Gramm Leach Bliley Act, which matters less here than for a lending or banking product, since the inputs are mostly market data and research.

Security Certifications and Trust Center
BB on Security Certifications and Trust CenterA recognized certification named in the vendor’s own material without the artifact, or with a scope or renewal question the buyer has to raise.
Vendor Published

The company states SOC 2 compliance and says its security controls and materials are ready for institutional review. The report type, the auditor and a trust portal are not named, so the report itself is the document to request. The privacy policy otherwise describes technical and organizational measures in general terms.

Regulatory Status and Licensure
CC on Regulatory Status and LicensureThe regulatory position is unstated. Most vendors in this index are technology suppliers and being unlicensed is the correct posture, so this grade records silence about the posture, not a missing license.
Vendor Published

No license or authorization is held. The earnings previews produce directional calls a fund can trade on, which brings the output close to investment research. Nothing published addresses how that output sits under UK or US rules on investment research, or how a fund should treat it in its own compliance records.

AI Governance and Bias Disclosure
CC on AI Governance and Bias DisclosureResponsible artificial intelligence committed to in policy language with no evaluation behind it, on a product whose bias surface is modest.
Vendor Published

No governance framework or bias evaluation is published. The risk that matters here is systematic tilt rather than fairness to individuals: an agent that learns a team's preferences can reinforce them, and directional calls can lean one way across a sector. How the agent's judgments are tested for that is not described.

AI Liability and Recourse
CC on AI Liability and RecourseMechanisms that enable challenge, such as audit trails and source traceability, with nothing standing behind the output and no route for the person affected.
Vendor Published

No liability position, accuracy warranty or recourse is published. The marketing ties the output to trading returns, and nothing says who bears a loss when a preview or a model is wrong.

Integration and Deployment
Model Supply Chain Disclosure
BB on Model Supply Chain DisclosureSubstantial partial disclosure, or a chain that is structurally short: an explicit in house build, on premise deployment, per customer instances, or zero retention at the model layer.
Vendor Published

The base model is named: the product runs on GPT-5.5, disclosed alongside its standalone benchmark score. The privacy policy adds that model, retrieval, evaluation and observability providers process data, without naming them. No second provider, failover or customer choice of model is described.

Core Systems and Integration Depth
BB on Core Systems and Integration DepthNamed systems or a documented public API, with the depth or the production evidence left open.
Vendor Published

Data access comes built in. The product includes filings, transcripts, consensus estimates, market data and alternative data, and also works with connected client sources and uploaded files, so analysts do not have to permission sources one by one. Models are built on the vendor's own modeling infrastructure and exported to Excel. Everything runs in the browser with no install, and it is not a system of record for portfolio, order or risk data.

Deployment Model and Data Residency
CC on Deployment Model and Data ResidencyCloud only with nothing stated, which is the category norm.
Vendor Published

The service runs in the browser as hosted software. Data may be processed and stored in the United Kingdom, the European Economic Area, the United States and other countries where the company or its providers operate, with standard contractual clauses and similar safeguards where required. No customer choice of region, dedicated deployment or on premises option is published.

Commercial
Commercial Transparency
CC on Commercial TransparencyNo price is published and engagement runs through a demo form, which is the norm in this index.
Vendor Published

No price is published. The pricing link leads to the evaluations page, and access runs through a demo request, which points to quoted pricing. The privacy policy mentions trials, paid plans and credit usage, which suggests a subscription with metered credits, but no figure or unit appears anywhere on the site.

Institution and Segment Coverage
CC on Institution and Segment CoverageSegments claimed broadly, banks, fintechs, credit unions, without evidence any of them has its own maintained surface.
Vendor Published

The product is built for one kind of buyer: equity investors doing fundamental research. Testimonials come from analysts at single manager and multi manager hedge funds, unnamed. Banks, insurers, credit investors and wealth managers are not addressed, and no customer count or geography is published. The focus is deliberate, and it is narrow.

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The index publishes no overall score or ranking. See what we assess and the methodology.

Commercial

Pricing

Vendor-published figures are labeled as such. Figures labeled “Estimated” are derived from third-party sources and have not been confirmed by the vendor.

No pricing data has been verified for this vendor. Pricing information will be published here once confirmed through vendor disclosure or third-party estimation.

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AI FinTech Index

The AI FinTech Index is an independent index that tracks changes to AI vendors in financial services. It holds 558 vendors across banking, lending, insurance, wealth, capital markets and financial crime compliance, each graded on the same 15 capability axes from public sources. No vendor pays for inclusion, placement, or rating.

Index Status
Last index update
October 7, 2026
The AI FinTech Index is an editorial reference, not a regulatory body. Vendor data is verified against published sources and public regulatory filings. Figures labeled “Estimated” have not been confirmed by the vendor. See the Methodology page for evaluation standards and limitations.
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